What concerns to the immunological factors, in brief summary, it is believed that interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 and 6, may mediate MS, specifically symptoms like fatigue. Other studies have identified genes that confer a significant increase of the disease risk: the interleukin receptor related genes IL2RA and IL7RA, and possibly genes as HLA-C, TKY2 and CD58.
Summarizing the genetic features of MS, most population studies have shown an association between the linked class II MHC alleles (DR15 and DQ6) with determined genotypes. The ratio between female and male subjects is from 2 to 1, being the female subjects more exposed to the disease. The incidence in Europe and North America is from 4-8 per 100,000 from the population, and the prevalence 60-100/100,000. Epidemiologically, the disease attacks mostly young adults (between 20 and 40 years old), and it is estimated that around 2.5 millions of people suffer from this chronic disorder. This disease is common in northern European population and it mostly affects female population.
As a consequence of the physiopathology, there is an axonal injury and gliosis that can involve the central nervous system (CNS) and other peripheral nerves (i.e. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that is characterized by inflammation and demyelination, whose etiology involves a relationship of unknown environmental factors and genetic vulnerability mainly in European population.
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